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JADES deep field observed by the Webb telescope, showing thousands of distant galaxies

Independent cosmology research

Cosmic expansion and dark energy

NEXO tests expansion models using public data from supernova compilations and other surveys. The catalogue lists the conditions of each test made public.

Surroundings of JADES-GS-z14-0 in the GOODS-South field · JADES · JWST / NIRCam (crop). External observation, not produced by NEXO.NASA, ESA, CSA, J. Olmsted (STScI), S. Carniani (Scuola Normale Superiore), JADES Collaboration ↗

Scientific questions

Tests with survey data

In the expansion tests, we vary the supernova sample and matter-density prior to measure how each choice affects the fit.

  1. 01Does dark energy evolve over cosmic time?
  2. 02How much does the fit change when supernova redshift ranges are excluded?
  3. 03How do structures and galaxies emerge in the early universe?

Method and traceability

How a hypothesis is tested

Open a stage to see what is recorded before fitting and which checks are part of the review.

Full methods
  1. Hypothesis

    The question is written before the calculation, together with the outcome that would refute it.

    See the methodology
  2. Data

    Public data sets, with version and selection recorded.

    See the methodology
  3. Modelling

    Model, free and fixed parameters and priors are declared.

    See the methodology
  4. Tests

    Fits, comparisons with the null hypothesis and numerical checks.

    See the methodology
  5. Review

    A second reading tries to refute the result before it is described.

    See the methodology
  6. Result

    The value, the test conditions and the scientific status appear together.

    See the methodology
  7. Publication

    Only what has been authorised becomes a paper, note or preprint.

    See the methodology

Data and software

Where to find the data and code

The analyses start from public surveys. The data page shows the snapshot in use, its SHA-256 and the data sets named in the summaries.

View data and sources

External archives do not imply institutional affiliation or endorsement.

Tower manifest

What the catalogue contains

A family groups tests of the same question. The record count includes variations in data and methods.

35
result families
169
public test records
09 Oct 2026
latest snapshot record date
View provenance and SHA-256

About the project

Who conducts the research

Dener Pereira conducts NEXO’s independent research and is responsible for interpreting the tests and editing the catalogue.